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Carbon Dating, Cold Fusion, and a Curve Ball

by David D. Moon

199 pages; quality trade paperback (softcover); catalogue #03-2241; ISBN 1-4120-1863-3; US$19.95, C$25.00, EUR16.25, £11.26

For the non-scientist and those trained in the physical sciences, this book presents a new hypothesis of Earth's element transmutations and the consequential alteration of dating earth material by radioactive elements.

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About the Book Paleontologists and geologists are interested in the ages of fossils, rocks, and minerals, from which they deduce the ages of geologic strata in the Geologic Column. Scientists make use of radioactive dating methods, such as the radioactive decays of carbon 14, uranium 238, and thorium 232 in fossils and minerals. Accurate age determinations depend on knowing the rate of the radioactive emissions and the relative amounts of initial and product elements in the decay series. However, if an interfering nuclear change took place earlier, the perceived age of the earth deposit would have to be wrong. In 1989, the discovery of cold fusion-the fusion of hydrogen to make helium and energy inside metal electrodes at room temperature-was announced by Drs. Martin Fleischmann and Stanley Pons at the University of Utah. Soon after, cold fusion research also revealed that nuclear transmutations, forming many new elements, occur liberally. Even purposely-added radioactive uranium and thorium in cold fusion-type cells resulted in transmutations, and the disappearance of up to 95 percent of the radioactivity in hours or minutes. In addition, special water pumps, invented in America and Europe, were discovered to generate "excess heat" and possible nuclear effects by intensely agitating water and creating "cavitation bubbles." In Carbon Dating, Cold Fusion, and a Curve Ball, the author postulates interfering nuclear (element) changes occurring in the Earth, and proposes that extensive element transmutations occurred from intense hydrodynamics during the Flood of Noah (Genesis 6-8). If so, it is conceivable much alteration of radioactive elements took place, rendering unreliable the radioactive dating results in most analyses done today. A relatively simple test of this theory is outlined. The test would use a piece of bismuth metal, a tank of water, and a boat's outboard motor. The book is written for the non-scientist, but those trained in the physical sciences or engineering are invited to examine the new hypothesis of Earth's element transmutations and the consequential alteration of dating earth material by radioactive elements.

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About the Author David Moon graduated from Mankato State College (now Minnesota State University, Mankato) in 1972, with a B.S. in science education. He formerly taught high school physical sciences in Wisconsin, Missouri, Texas, and Minnesota. Since 1989, he has worked in the field of cold fusion theory and has two dozen publications. He is the inventor of a cold fusion energy device called the Nucleovoltaic Cell, which is designed to convert the release of nuclear fusion energy directly to electricity. Dave lives in Minneapolis, MN.

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Table of Contents

Contents
Acknowledgments 9
Preface 11
Chapter 1: Cold Fusion: The World's Energy Future 25
Chapter 2: Nuclear Reactions and Radioactivity 33
Chapter 3: Rate of Decay and the Half-Life 53
Chapter 4: Carbon Dating 85
Chapter 5: Carbon 14 and the Bubble Machines 103
Chapter 6: The Great Thorium Disappearing Act 135
Chapter 7: The Flood: A Time of Transmutations? 165
Epilogue 173
Appendix A: Mathematical Derivation of Equations 183
Appendix B: Supplementary Problem Examples 187
Resources 195
About the Author 199

Excerpts

From the Preface:

More important than converting base metals to gold in cold fusion-type cells, at least for the purpose of this book, is the discovery in the mid-1990s of transmutations of up to gram-amounts of radioactive elements, such as uranium and thorium, to non-radioactive ones. Two research groups, one in Ohio and one in Florida, purposely added radioactive uranium or thorium to their electrolytic cells, and were able to cause fissions of those elements, ridding the cell of up to 95 percent of the radioactivity content in a matter of minutes or hours. If this process can be scaled up to industrial levels, it has great implications for the possible eradication of nuclear waste storage.

Our interest in uranium and thorium (and certain other element transmutations in cold fusion cells, such as potassium-to-calcium) is the fact that these radioactive elements naturally decay, through a series of steps, to a stable form of lead. Scientists involved in radioactive dating methods use the rate of these decays (such as how fast the alpha particles are emitted) and the relative amounts of the elements present in a rock or mineral (e.g., the ratio of lead to thorium) to determine how long the radioactive decay has been occurring-which supposedly tells them how old the earth deposit is, and eventually how old the Earth is.

The focus of this book is the proposal that nuclear changes that are known to occur in cold fusion-type cells and, believe it or not, in other devices such as special water pumps invented in the United States and in Europe (described in chapter 5) might also be happening naturally in the Earth, and these reactions would artificially alter the ratio of elements used in a radioactive-decay dating computation. Such alteration of the elements could change the perceived age of a rock or deposit. It is emphasized that this proposal of Earth's "cold fusion" reactions and naturally occurring element transmutations is only a proposal. It is my expectation, however, that the reader will at least see the logic of the proposed conclusions.

One catastrophic event in man's history was the Flood of Noah, as described in the Bible in the book of Genesis. Carbon Dating, Cold Fusion, and a Curve Ball will explain how it is thought that the monstrous Flood-called the Great Deluge-could conceivably bring about massive amounts of nuclear changes in earth material, further upsetting the balance of certain elements used to "date" things.

Perhaps some readers, looking at this book, do not believe in the Bible as the absolute Word of God, nor in the Flood of Noah described therein. I sincerely do not want to discourage you from reading the book-if you have interest in scientific analysis, in cold fusion science, or in radioactive dating methods such as carbon 14 dating. I've approached my writing as honestly as I know how to do. However, it is only respectful that I state I believe in the Bible as the Word of God. Therefore, I believe in the record of Noah's Flood (Genesis 6-8) and, in fact, in the Creation itself, as given in Genesis 1. This acceptance is assumed in this book.

Science must also operate on certain assumptions. For example, physicists and astronomers assume the universality of the law of gravity, that Isaac Newton's gravitational constant is the same throughout space and time. Without thinking much about it, all of us live our lives with many assumptions, including the assumption of gravity. If an assumption is proved incorrect, such as the assumption that only high-energy nuclei could fuse together at any appreciable rate, then we are supposed to change our assumptions.

Finally, I would like to say something about the approach taken in this book. The book was written with the general reader in mind. Persons not degreed or trained in science at any level are the readers to whom I have written. It is my hope also that scientifically astute readers might find the scientific data, theories, conjectures and proposals interesting. If nothing else, ideas presented in the book might beget other ideas.

Included are additional mathematics in Appendix A and radioactivity problem examples in Appendix B for those with a little more mathematical and scientific background.

I have endeavored to write in a clear, understandable manner, including picture concepts to help illustrate the principles of radioactive decay rate and the half-life. Certain theoretical ideas and models presented are strictly hypothetical and theoretical. Certain speculations are given, but I have proposed ways a researcher might test them if they are so inclined. One test, reviewed in the book's epilogue, involves use of a large tank of water and a boat's outboard motor. The idea is to mimic, at a small level, the intense flow of water during Noah's Flood, as water burst up from the "great deep," from the earth's crust and below. Strong agitation of water creates "cavitation bubbles" in the water. It is theorized that collapsing bubbles form neutron-like particles (on the nuclear level) which are called "neuprons." This proposed particle can easily bring about nuclear reactions. If an atom used in radioactive dating is changed by such an outside, interfering process, the atom is no longer "counted" in the dating scheme. This would change the perceived age of a rock, mineral, or fossil. I believe this concept has extreme importance and is worthy of examination.

Quite likely, several ideas presented in this book will be controversial to many scientists. The ionic theory of Arrhenius was, for almost twenty years, very controversial with establishment science. At first, even the great chemical prophet Dmitri Mendeleev (Periodic Table of the Elements, 1869) had trouble accepting Arrhenius's ions in solid crystals like sodium chloride, which is a bit odd since Mendeleev's Periodic Table did not "hit a home run on the first pitch," having been ridiculed by some of his contemporaries. Svante Arrhenius, like science pioneers before and since him, did what science is supposed to do, quoted appropriately by E. F. Mallove, ".the eternal challenge of science [is] not to follow where the worn path may lead, but to go instead where there is no path, and leave a trail." Minneapolis, MN August 3, 2003

Review

"I think Carbon Dating, Cold Fusion and a Curve Ball conveys an excitement that will open new minds to this area." -George H. Miley Professor, University of Illinois

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Catalogue Information

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