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Public Participation in LRMP--Instructors Guide
by Integrated Resource Planning Committee, Government of BC; co-published with Government of BC
99 pages; Include 3-ring binder; includes 25 overhead transparency masters; catalogue #97-0022; ISBN 1-55212-266-2; US$11.93, C$18.36, EUR12.00, £8.30
One of a series of training modules for participants of Land and Resource Management Planning (LRMP) processes in British Columbia. LRMPs are strategic land use planning processes under the Forest Practices Code.
Read more! Public Participation in LRMP--Instructors Guide
About the LRMP process About LRMP Training Module Overview
About the LRMP process
The Land and Resource Management Planning (LRMP) process is the sub-regional, integrated resource planning process for British Columbia. It promotes decision making on the basis of the principles of sustainability and consensus. It requires that the public and major stakeholders have the opportunity to participate in all steps of the process. It encourages participation of First Nations.Planning for land and resources in British Columbia, including LRMP, is evolving in new directions. Land and resource management decisions made without an overall plan are being replaced by planning at the regional, sub-regional (LRMP), and more local levels. Land and resource decisions formerly made unilaterally by single government agencies are being replaced by inter-agency processes that seek to consider all environmental, resource and socioeconomic values. Decisions with short-range perspectives are being replaced by decisions that seek to protect future generations by ensuring commitments of land and resources are sustainable in the long term. Planning decisions made through internal government agency processes are being replaced by decisions made through open, consensus-based processes involving full participation of the public and stakeholders.
About LRMP training and publications
Training is an essential foundation for the new land and resource management directions in B.C. Through training, participants can become more effective in their roles and responsibilities in the processes. They can better understand the benefits of these processes, and avoid many of the difficulties. The purpose of training is to increase the capabilities of all participants.
How can I find out more about LRMP training?
Training module development is coordinated, on behalf of the Integrated Resource Planning Committee, by Brian Fardoe, Strategic Forest Planning Section, Forest Practices Branch, Ministry of Forests, 1st Floor -1450 Government St., Victoria, BC V8W 3E7. Phone 250-356-5110, fax 387-6751, or email Brian.Fardoe@gems3.gov.bc.ca.
How is training delivered?
Interagency Planning Teams (IPTs) are responsible for developing and implementing LRMP table training plans. In support of IPTs, the Integrated Resource Planning Committee has developed the training modules listed below. In general, IPTs select and fund consultants to present training to LRMP tables.
What kinds of training materials are available?
LRMP training materials produced by the Integrated Resource Planning Committee include modules and publications. Instructor manuals are available for all training modules. Overheads and participant workbooks are also available for most modules.
Training modules:
- Orientation to LRMP
- Public Participation in LRMP
- First Nations:
- Orientation to LRMP for First Nations
- Interagency Management Committee Orientation to First Nations
- LRMP Table Orientation to First Nations
- LRMP Table Orientation to Local First Nations
- LRMP Process Management
- Scenario Development in LRMP
Publications:
- LRMP: Statement of Principles and Process
- Diamond LRMP- A Model Report
- Resource Analysis Guidelines
- Public Participation Guidelines
- Social and Economic Impact Assessment Guidelines
Who pays for the training materials?
- Note: These training materials and publications are available to IPTs, colleges, researchers and others. A fee is charged by the distributor (Trafford Publishing) to recover printing and order processing expenses only.
- Many of the publications are available to read on-line through accessing the Land Use Coordination Office's web site at http://www.luco.gov.bc.ca/lrmp/home.htm.
Module Overview
Description
This two-day module introduces public participation and consensus building in LRMP. Because of the central role of public participation in LRMP, this module will be of interest to all public and government staff regularly involved in LRMP processes. The module will review the principles of effective public participation, and examine options and techniques for public participation in LRMP. It will enable participants to learn about consensus decision-making and their roles in consensus processes. It will also look at approaches to dispute resolution in LRMP.This module allows participants to learn while carrying on the work of their own LRMP process. It uses LRMP tasks as case examples for practice in order to make more effective use of participants' time. The module is designed to produce a highly interactive, practical and participatory learning experience.
Timing
This module should be offered early in the LRMP process. The best timing would be during Step 2 - Plan Initiation as part of initial meetings of the Interagency Planning Team (IPT) and public representatives. The module includes exercises to assist LRMP participants in developing the public participation components of the Terms of Reference (TORs) for their LRMP. By combining training with work, relevance and learning effectiveness is increased.While delivery is recommended early in the LRMP process, this module can be adapted for use at any time. For example, segments on Co-operative Negotiation may be introduced or repeated prior to the Building Agreement step.
The outline below provides enough material for one or two days of training which can delivered either at one time or at different times. The units can easily be integrated into LRMP meetings, since the second day focuses entirely on developing public participation procedures for the LRMP Terms of Reference. However, as suggested in Section H, the timing could be adjusted for shorter sessions.
Audience
The target audience for the module includes all participants in an LRMP. It is designed to be offered to a mixed group of IPT and public participants, but could be adapted for use with IPT members only. In the latter case, more emphasis would be put on administrative aspects of public participation.As the trainer, you should be prepared to deal with high and/or low expectations among participants. This is due to their perceptions and experiences with past successes, controversies and frustrations with public process in each region. Find out as much as possible about participant's backgrounds ahead of time.
Participants will have:
- Diverse roles and public participation skills;
- Diverse values and perspectives on public participation and resource issues; and
- Varying personal and community experiences with public participation, both positive and negative.
Training Team
It is strongly recommended that this module be delivered by an independent trainer or facilitator with skills in public participation and consensus-building in resource issues. Ideally, the person would also be experienced in the LRMP process. If not, LRMP resource people (i.e., an experienced manager or participant from another LRMP) could assist the trainer to deliver the module.Learning Objectives
The goal of the module is to improve participants' ability to collaborate and to build consensus for effective land and resource management planning.By the end of the training, participants should be able to:
- list key principles of effective public participation;
- describe options and techniques for public participation in LRMP, as outlined in LRMP Public Participation Guidelines;
- explain consensus decision-making and its role in LRMP; and
- use the above to collaborate in devising public participation procedures for the LRMP.
Topics
>Principles of public participation:- Benefits of, and guidelines for, public participation
- Developing public participation principles
Effective organization:
- Public participation options and techniques
- Public participation procedures
Effective decision-making:
- Benefits of, and guidelines for, consensus in LRMP
- Principles of consensus
- Techniques for reaching consensus
- Interest-Based Negotiation
- Dispute resolution
Key Themes
Public participation is essential at each step in the LRMP process to ensure that decisions are generally acceptable to local communities and the broader society.The nature of public participation will be unique in each LRMP, but should be credible, impartial and consensus-based.
Each LRMP should agree to basic principles or objectives for public participation for inclusion in the Terms of Reference (TORs).
Each LRMP should outline its own organizational format for public participation for inclusion in the TORs.
Each LRMP must choose public participation procedures and techniques for inclusion in the TORs.
LRMP groups should use consensus decision-making as far as possible and develop a dispute resolution mechanism in the event of problems.
Many suggestions on public participation principles, organization, and decision-making are available within LRMP guidelines and from other LRMPs.
Approach
This module is designed to both provide skills training and further the LRMP process. Each unit introduces basic public participation concepts and then allows participants to begin designing the public process for LRMP. The results of these sessions can provide draft material for inclusion in the Terms of Reference.To prepare for delivering this module, the trainer should study A Statement of Principles and Process and the LRMP Public Participation Guidelines. Contact local organizers to determine which steps have already been completed, and what successes and problems have been encountered. Ask them who will be participating in the training, and what their backgrounds and experiences are. Then adjust the material to suit the situation. However, the Participant Guide contains all the overheads for this module and alterations may need to be clarified with participants.
This module introduces several diverse topics, but does not cover these in depth. These topics include public participation planning, public participation techniques, consensus, teamwork, interest-based negotiations, and facilitation. Some LRMP groups may ask the trainer to place greater emphasis on one or more of these topics. This can be done by changing time allocations for various topics and subtracting or adding material.
To ensure that the work done during the module is well integrated into the LRMP process, you may wish to keep a running list, on a flip chart or blackboard, of agreements made and activities planned during the workshop. For example:
- Public participation principles were agreed to
- Consensus definition was referred to sub-committee
- Need another workshop on public participation techniques
How to Use this Module / Estimated Time Allocations
Based on LRMP requirements and experience to date, each LRMP committee must decide how they will handle three main aspects of public participation, as follows:Principles for Public Participation
Effective Organization
- choice of structure/techniques: steering committee, community resources board, etc.
- membership and representation
- roles and responsibilities of participants
- procedures: e.g. meetings, facilitation
Effective Decision-making
- working definition of consensus
- consensus principles
- consensus techniques
- resolution of disputes/disagreements
The lesson plan is organized into units which allow participants to address these topics. Each unit provides background on the topic and allows participants to draft material which can eventually be formalized in the Terms of Reference. Each unit description includes "Learning Objectives", a "Unit Approach" and suggested "Support Material".
Each unit is sub-divided into segments, covering one topic. Each segment description includes "Themes", "Approach" and "Training Notes".
As noted in B and H above, the times suggested are for a one-day workshop, but can be adapted to the time available.
Note: There are sections on public participation in Module 1: LRMP Orientation e.g. "LRMP and Consensus Decisions" and "Participation in LRMP". If your target audience is not familiar with these topics, you could use overheads and training notes from Module 1 to supplement or replace the material below.
Typical Schedule
UNIT
Suggested Time
by segment
(Minutes)
Suggested Time
by unit
(Hours)
1. INTRODUCTION
30
0.5
2. PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
2.5
a. Public Participation Benefits and
Requirements
120
b. Principles for Participation
15
Optional: Examples from other LRMPs
15
3. EFFECTIVE ORGANIZATION
a. Public Participation Formats
1.5
Option 1: Public Participation Options
60
Option 2: Membership and Responsibilities
60
Optional discussion: First Nations
Involvement
30
4. EFFECTIVE DECISION-MAKING
4.0
a. LRMP and Consensus Decisions
45
b. Consensus Principles
45
c. Techniques for Building Consensus
60
d. Interest-Based Negotiation
90
5. NEXT STEPS
30
0.5
6. EVALUATION
30
0.5
TOTAL
570
9.5
Training Materials and Lesson Plan Notes
Prior to the training session, familiarize yourself with the "Principles for Participation" from the LRMP Public Participation Guidelines p. 4-6.Review the following background reading:
- "Features of a Successful Consensus Process", pp. 15 -19, BC. Round Table 1991.
- "Guiding Principles of Consensus Processes", p. 8, Canadian Round Tables, 1993.
You should have enough copies of the LRMP A Statement of Principles and Processes and Public Participation Guidelines for all participants (if they do not already have them). These are key references for this module. You may wish to familiarize yourself with the other LRMP guidelines and make copies available during the training.
It is also advisable to collect sample Terms of Reference from other LRMPs. Collect and review these in advance of delivery to familiarize yourself with the diverse public participation formats. You may also want to photocopy relevant parts of these TORs for small group work, as discussed in the module.
Audio-visual needs: Overhead projector and spare bulbs, screen, flip charts, markers, blank transparencies or flip charts for small group reporting. If two overhead projectors are available, they can be used effectively to develop an idea.
