Large Quantities of Carbon and Methane
False dogmas are blocking the development of human society. The humankind is at a dead end, and
only a true real world view can still save our future! Energy resources are increasingly becoming more
expensive, allegedly because the natural reserves of prestigious fossil fuels will soon be depleted. The
dramatic increase in prices of fossil fuels leads to shifts in the wealth of nations, and wars are consequently
risked to ensure access to oil fields. All of these facts results from the prediction of a shortage of energy
resources which are mixtures of hydrocarbons called "fossil fuels". However, spacecraft data from recent
past years has provided evidence of the existence of hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane in massive
numbers in our solar system. There evolvement is however not a consequence of biological processes.
Nevertheless, hydrocarbons are on Earth still regarded as pure biological products.
Dinosaurs and Soft Coal
In my previous books, the fossilization of biological materials was discussed
controversial. These processes can only happen within relatively short time periods, but
do not take place over millions of years, because biological material would be
disintegrated during a fossilization process which is ongoing imperceptive slowly, with
the precondition that an absolute exclusion of air was not present. Such fossilization
processes have to evolve quickly, otherwise, fossilized eggs with fully preserved
respectively non decomposed embryos inside or also fossilized droppings – so-called
coprolites – would for example not be possible.
With these facts in mind let's look at fossils encased in black coal. In general, coal
fossils are representing "infusion fossils". This means that the structure of an organism
has remained preserved, but its substance, however, was replaced to a large extent by
liquids or gases which must have penetrated the biological structure. In principle, these
fossils contain carbon with a percentage of about 90 – such as the coal itself. The thus
obtained fossil may be structurally almost perfect, although sometimes fiercely
compressed, and not uncommon, under a microscope it is possible to recognize clearly
fine details, even up to the cell structure. Nevertheless this biological structure is filled
out by the same coal concentrate, which is also surrounding the fossils.
The German botanist Henry Potonié (1905), based on a study of fossilized higher
plants, concluded that black coal has a biological origin, "since the plant cells can be
recognized immediately without further special preparation” (ibid., p. 9). This was a turning point, as scientists previously believed, "the black coal is a mineral in the sense of
something like quartz, feldspar, and mica, having originated in the same way" (ibid., p. 8).
If, however black coal had come into being in the same way as peat and lignite (ibid., p.
10), this would result in a coal–paradox.
Why does a single finely structured leaf of a tree remain preserved within a
carbonaceous mass, whereas there is not a little bit left of the rest of the leaves? Why the
branch or trunk belonging to the leaf had not remained? In structural terms, black coal
therefore sharply differs from peat and brown coal (lignite), which certainly evolved from
organic materials. How could such a coal-fossil evolve? Since the fine–segmented
structure remained intact, today’s homogeneous black coal must have once been a liquid
or gas! Generally speaking, a carbon or silicon containing mineral or fluid has to fill out
the organic structure due to a kind of infusion process to start fossilization in this way.
This chemical process must have been taken place very quickly, since otherwise a leaf or
even a fragile egg would have been rotten long time before the end of the process.
It is important to ascertain that petrified impressions of footprints can only be formed
in soft mud layers, and not in the solid rock in which it can be found today. This soft
mud which is containing the footprints must have been hardened very quickly, like the
prints of hands and foots celebrated in soft cement of the Walk of Fame in Beverly Hills,
Los Angeles, because otherwise the prints would have been quickly destroyed by
different erosion factors.
Fossilized footprints of dinosaurs were found at the ceiling of many coal mines in the
Western United States – a still largely unknown phenomenon. In Utah, there are several
coal mines in the vicinity of Helper and Price, and in just four coal mines were
discovered several thousand prints, which partly are crisscrossed, overlapped and
therefore partly concealed others (e.g. Balsley / Parker, 1983, p. 279).
Also in other coal mines footprints of dinosaurs have been often documented, among
others in the Castlegate Mine in the Rocky Mountains area (Peterson, 1924), in Wyoming,
in the western part of Colorado, in Utah near Rock Springs and in New Mexico near
Cuba (Gillette /Lockley, 1989). The very different sized footprints originate from
carnivorous dinosaurs (theropods), officially regarded as bipedal dinosaurs – as well as
four–legged herbivorous dinosaurs (sauropods), which roamed together in the same area.
Isolated individual footprints are seldom documented, some of which are very large. The
largest known to me is 1.36 meters long, but one has revealed to me a location that
entails even larger ones. Interesting are, however, also 50 approximately 15-centimeterlong
fossilized bird–like footprints that spanning across an area of approximately five
square meters (Gillette / Lockley, 1989).
The previously described coal deposit that as a whole stretches from Wyoming over
Utah and Colorado up to New Mexico belongs to the geologically very "young" black
coal deposits, originated in the cretaceous age (Blackhawk Formation).